NEW ORLEANS (AP) – Even the fiercest critics of the Episcopal Church’s liberal drift say it’s too soon to know whether the bishops’ latest pledge to “exercise restraint” in approving another gay bishop will go far enough to help prevent an Anglican schism.

“It will take months and years to really see,” said Bishop Martyn Minns, who leads a conservative network of breakaway Episcopal parishes.

Overseas, people on both sides of the debate registered their unhappiness Wednesday. Some supporters of gay clergy accused Episcopal leaders of caving in to conservatives led by African archbishops, while traditionalists criticized what they saw as a cleverly worded declaration of defiance.

The 77-million-member fellowship has been splintering since 2003, when Episcopalians consecrated the first openly gay bishop, Gene Robinson of New Hampshire. The Episcopal Church is the Anglican body in the U.S.

Episcopal bishops released their pledge to “exercise restraint” Tuesday in the final moments of a six-day meeting – and as the decades-long debate about how to interpret the Bible threatens to shatter the world Anglican Communion.

Anglican leaders had set a Sunday deadline for the Americans to pledge unequivocally not to consecrate another gay bishop or approve an official prayer service for same-sex couples.

On Wednesday, the Rev. Colin Coward, director of Changing Attitude England, said he believed the bishops had met the Anglican request.

“If conservatives continue to press for the exclusion of the Episcopal Church, transgress provincial boundaries and decide not to attend the Lambeth Conference in 2008, they will take responsibility for provoking a tear in the Anglican Communion and will have withdrawn from our fellowship,” Coward said.

Martyn Minns, a former Episcopal priest who was consecrated as a bishop in the Church of Nigeria to serve Episcopalians alienated from their own bishops, said on Tuesday that the American bishops’ statement was “the totally wrong response.”

Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, the Anglican spiritual leader, took the unusual step of attending the meeting for the first two days, pushing bishops to make concessions for the sake of unity. Anglican lay and clergy representatives from overseas also participated, chastising Episcopal leaders for the turmoil they’ve caused.

Episcopal bishops responded by affirming a resolution passed last year by the Episcopal General Convention that urged bishops to “exercise restraint” by not consenting to a candidate for bishop “whose manner of life presents a challenge” to Anglicans and the church. The promise falls short of an outright ban.

Episcopal leaders also promised they wouldn’t approve official prayers to bless same-gender couples and insisted that most Episcopal bishops do not authorize the ceremonies. However, it is widely acknowledged that many individual priests offer blessings informally in their own parishes and will continue to do so despite Tuesday’s pledge.

Williams and other Anglican leaders will evaluate the bishops’ statement in the coming weeks. But before he left New Orleans, the archbishop of Canterbury played down the significance of the Anglican demands, saying “there is no ultimatum involved.”

Canon Jim Naughton, a spokesperson for the Diocese of Washington, said the statement “reassures our partners in the Anglican Communion that we have taken their concerns seriously.” However, Minns said the bishops’ statement was “the totally wrong response,” and said many Episcopalians are already “voting with their feet.”

Four of the 110 Episcopal dioceses – Fort Worth; Pittsburgh; Quincy, Ill.; and San Joaquin, Calif. – are taking steps to split off from the national church and align with an overseas Anglican church. And about 60 of the more than 7,000 Episcopal parishes have left or have lost a significant number of clergy and members, according to the national church.

Anglican leaders from Nigeria, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda and elsewhere have violated Anglican tradition that they minister only within their own provinces and have consecrated bishops to oversee breakaway Episcopal congregations in the United States.